Wartime Rape Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

James Joyce Essay

In James Joyce’s Ulysses perusers experience Stephen Dedalus’s look for character †a pursuit which will be available through the whole account. At the core of Ulysses is Stephen’s relationship with his mom. Stephen portrays both the genuine mother who raised him and is presently dead and an envisioned mother filling in as an image who is a result of Stephen’s awareness having apprehension and nervousness (Hill 329). Mother love is admired by Stephen in Ulysses: â€Å"Amor matris,† says Stephen, â€Å"subjective and target genitive, might be the main genuine thing in life† (207). The idea of â€Å"amor matris,† or mother love, shows the enchantment intensity of the mother’s richness. Parenthood is the main unavoidable truth about which Stephen is certain. A mother’s love, the dyadic relationship where the mother and youngster are indivisible, in any case, Stephen encounters just nostalgically. He endeavors to express it, when it is finished. Therefore Stephen’s dream of a caring adoration is set apart by a feeling of misfortune. Fundamental Body Although Stephen has covered his mom, she in this manner shows up as a phantom. With his own mom dead, it is typical for Stephen to coordinate his consideration eventually to Molly Bloom, the Magna Mater managing Ulysses. Be that as it may, Molly is something in excess of a simple individual which serves instead of genuine mother. She represents the evil tissue, the cases of nature, and human love. Stephen’s fascination toward her is suggestive of his disappointment with all types of man centric weight (political power and the Old Testament). She resembles an ethical objective towards which he is drawn because of his resistance to the congregation. As Murray clarifies: â€Å"If a man, who accepts some way or another in the truth and extreme worth of some religion of delicacy and unselfishness, glances through the misuse of nature to discover support for his confidence, it is likely in the wonders of parenthood that he will think that its first and most strikingly†(Goldberg 36). For Stephen the agony is extremely solid by the way that his mom is dead. She has disregarded him. She has taken with her his affirmation of being identified with the world and to himself. She has left the horrible nervousness about his misfortune. Additionally, she turned into the â€Å"ghostwoman† who appears to Stephen in the fantasy of death that lives in his memory for the duration of the day, along with recollections and reflections about the mother throughout everyday life. Added to his disquiet about the mystic division that is vital for his development into masculinity is the sad acknowledgment that there is no physical lady to assume the mother’s position: â€Å"She, she, she,† he says more than once in â€Å"Proteus,† â€Å"What she? † (426). As Stephen comes irregularly into center through the content, so does twice over in quality the issue of the loss of his mom and his need for a lady to have her spot. The Stephen’s diligent thought with his dead mother is helped now and again by delicacy, yet slowly is obscured by feeling of trouble, outrage, and offense over the relationship. Stephen’s recollections of his mom start in â€Å"Telemachus† with the review of his occasional dream of her in her â€Å"loose earthy colored graveclothes† (103-4), which draws from him his underlying supplication for discharge †â€Å"let me live. † Stephen’s reflection to the recollections of his mom throughout everyday life and in death vibrates toward the start between the craving for partition and the longing for nonstop reliance, and his request for discharge in â€Å"Telemachus† †â€Å"No, mother! Leave me alone and let me live† (279). So as to get equipped for offering interminability to his life, in craftsmanship, Stephen should initially turn into a man. This requires a resurrection, not through the soul, all things considered in religion, however like the birth from the mother, happening through the tissue of the cherished lady: â€Å"in woman’s belly. † Stephen considers this resurrection genuinely. Toward the end, Stephen is renewed in the content. This resurrection is literarily finished at the center of â€Å"Ithaca,† when Bloom opens the nursery door for Stephen, and a birth picture remembers implications of the play on words for â€Å"in woman’s belly. † Bloom embeds a â€Å"male key† into â€Å"an shaky female lock,† to uncover â€Å"an opening with the expectation of complimentary departure and free ingress† (215-19). This is the â€Å"rebirth into another dimension† and is likewise Stephen’s cooperation in the manifestation of the craftsman (Goldberg 96). Stephen’s picture in â€Å"Telemachus† of his mother’s â€Å"glazing eyes, gazing out of death, to shake and curve my spirit. . . . to strike me down† (273-76), brings from him the most sensational raising of the awful mother. â€Å"Ghoul! Chewer of carcasses! † (278) is an indication of dismissal which is certainly affirmed in ‘Circe† at the presence of The Mother. Stephen’s mother safe houses and supports her child with her body, her blood, her â€Å"wheysour milk,† who spares him from â€Å"being stomped on underfoot† by the outside world (141-47). This theme of trade between the adoring and horrendous parts of the mother, introduced in the initial two scenes of Ulysses, is rehashed in snapshots of memory whenever Stephen’s mother gets present in the content, until in â€Å"Oxen of the Sun,† the birth section, Stephen depicts his discharge from the mother’s danger through his proposed apportionment, as a craftsman, of her modern force: â€Å"In woman’s belly word is made substance, however in the soul of the producer all tissue that passes turns into the word that will not die. This is the postcreation† (292-94). Frequented throughout the day by the recollections of his mom in death and throughout everyday life, Stephen has moved from his forlornness toward the beginning of the day, combined with his inward supplication to his mom to free him †â€Å"Let me be and let me live† †to this mission statement at the maternity emergency clinic. What's more, this announcement prompts his case to an innovative force that is more noteworthy than that of the mother (Hill 329). In â€Å"Circe,† at that point, The Mother meets with Stephen straightforwardly as the horrible mother, in her â€Å"leper grey,† with her â€Å"bluecircled empty eyesockets† in her â€Å"noseless† face, â€Å"green with gravemould† (156-60). Furthermore, here in the house of ill-repute, Stephen discharges from the mother. This discharge is essential for Stephen to turn into the celestial maker of his declaration. The discharge is practiced in the oblivious, which is the decision rule of â€Å"Circe. † The discussion among mother and child in a principal way rehashes Stephen’s experiences with her memory in the daytime, pretty much changed, yet at the same time with the equivalent odd harmony between the cherishing and the horrendous that is related with the cognizant recollections. For in spite of the fact that The Mother carries with her a message of death †â€Å"All must experience it, Stephen†¦. You too† (182-83) †she contains ground-breaking highlights of the caring mother. As Stephen horribly rejects obligation for her passing †â€Å"Cancer did it, not I† (U 15:4187) †The Mother claims, â€Å"You sang that tune to me. Love’s severe mystery† ( U 15:4189-90). This line from Yeats’s ‘Who Goes with Fergus? † can be found in â€Å"Telemachus,† as Mulligan leaves the parapet, murmuring: And no more turn aside and brood Upon love’s harsh secret For Fergus rules the bold vehicles. (239-41). The oddity found in â€Å"love’s harsh mystery† hues The Mother’s answer to Stephen’s supplication, â€Å"Tell me the word, mother, in the event that you know now. The word known to all men† (U 15:4192-93). Twice before Stephen has posed a similar inquiry in his considerations about â€Å"the word known to all men†: in Proteus (435) and in â€Å"Scylla and Charybdis† (429-30). In all the scenes wherein the inquiry is posed, in just one is an unmistakable answer given. The appropriate response, really, had never been in the distributed content of Ulysses until Hans Walter Gabler’s 1984 Critical and Synoptic Edition deciphered five lines in â€Å"Scylla and Charybdis† (U 9:427-31) †forty-three words, eleven of them in Latin (Deming 129). This content, reestablished to one of the most investigated cautiously fragments in Ulysses, the wellspring of most preferred citations about craftsmanship and life, about dads and children, about moms and children, depicted love as the â€Å"word known to all men† (Deming 129). Richard Ellmann, in his 1984 introduction address to the Ninth International James Joyce Symposium in Frankfurt, gave the crowd his own distinguishing proof of the word referred to all men as adoration, guaranteeing that the word was â€Å"perhaps† passing (Deming 129). Kenner’s position that it may be passing is significantly more than clear in his 1956 Dublin’s Joyce, where he portrays Dublin as ‘the Kingdom of the Dead† and describes Molly’s last â€Å"yes† as â€Å"the ‘Yes’ of power: authority over this collective of animals of the dead. † The mother in this way turns into the picture of the â€Å"bitter secret. † The total response to the inquiry Stephen pose about the â€Å"word known to all men† isn't ‘love† or â€Å"death† however â€Å"love† and â€Å"death† †for whatever is conceived of the tissue through adoration will pass on toward the end (Goldberg 156). In â€Å"Circe,† The Mother answers to Stephen’s supplication with a clashing mixing of the cherishing and the horrible mother. The Mother in â€Å"Circe† isn't delicate. Valid, she gives confirmations of her adoration for her sun †love matris â?

The Major Goals of Psychology

The Major Goals of Psychology Basics Print The Major Goals of Psychology By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on October 28, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW on October 28, 2019 More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. While you might understand what psychology is, many people are not quite so sure about what psychology does. What purpose does psychology serve? What are its goals? Lets take a closer look at the major goals of psychology, what psychologists strive to accomplish, and how psychology is used to solve real-world problems. Illustration by Emily Roberts, Verywell Psychology Describes Behavior One of the first goals of psychology is simply to describe behavior. Through describing the behavior of humans and other animals, we are better able to understand it and gain a better perspective on what is considered normal and abnormal. Psychology researchers utilize a range of research methods to help describe behavior including naturalistic observation, case studies, correlational studies, surveys, and self-report inventories. Researchers might start by observing human behavior and then describing a problem. By understanding what is happening, psychologists can then work on learning more about why the behavior happens and even how to change it. For example, imagine that researchers want to learn more about consumer behavior. They might begin by observing what is already happening in a population. Market research surveys, direct observation, and other data collection methods would then be used to gather information on what people are doing when they shop. This gives researchers greater insight into what is really happening in a particular population. Psychology Explains Behavior As you might imagine, psychologists are also interested in explaining behavior in addition to merely describing it. Why do people do the things they do? What factors contribute to development, personality, social behavior, and mental health problems? Throughout psychologys history, many theories have emerged to help explain various aspects of human behavior. A few examples of such approaches including classical conditioning and attachment theories. Some theories focus on just a small aspect of human behavior (known as mini-theories) while others serve as all-encompassing theories designed to explain all of human psychology (known as grand theories). In the previous example, researchers wanted to get a better understanding of what consumers are purchasing and why. Data was previously collected on purchasing behaviors. Psychologists would then conduct research to understand why certain things are happening. They might ask questions about why people purchase certain items or what factors motivate them to make certain purchases. Psychology Predicts Behavior Not surprisingly, another primary goal of psychology is to make predictions about how we think and act. Once we understand more about what happens and why it happens, we can use that information to make predictions about when, why, and how it might happen again in the future. Successfully predicting behavior is also one of the best ways to know if we understand the underlying causes of our actions. Prediction can also allow psychologists to make guesses about human behavior without necessarily understanding the mechanisms underlying the phenomena. For example, if researchers notice that scores on a particular aptitude test can be used to predict high school dropout rates, that information can then be used to estimate how many students in a particular group might drop out of school each year. In the previous example looking at consumer behavior, psychologists would use the information they have collected to try to make predictions about what consumers will purchase next. Businesses and marketers often employ consumer psychologists to help them make such predictions so that they can create products that will appeal to buyers. How Consumer Psychologists Study Buying Behavior Psychology Changes Behavior Finally, and perhaps most importantly, psychology strives to change, influence, or control behavior to make constructive and lasting changes in peoples lives. In our previous example, researchers might take what they know about the link between scores on an aptitude test and dropout rates and use the information to develop programs designed to help students stay in school. From treating mental illness to enhancing human well-being, changing human behavior is a huge focus of psychology. Marketers and businesses often use the understanding gained from psychological research to try to influence and persuade buyers to behave in certain ways. For example, they might design advertising campaigns designed to make a message appeal to a target audience. By tailoring their messaging to specifically appeal to a certain type of buyer, those individuals are often more likely to respond. A Word From Verywell So as you have learned, the four primary goals of psychology are to describe, explain, predict, and change behavior. In many ways, these objectives are similar to the kinds of things you probably do every day as you interact with others. When dealing with a child, for example, you might ask questions like What is he doing? (describing), Why is he doing that? (explaining), What would happen if I responded in this way? (predicting), and What can I do to get him to stop doing that? (changing). Psychologists ask many of the same types of questions, but they utilize the scientific method to rigorously test and systematically understand both human and animal behavior. What Are the Steps in the Scientific Method

Dehumanization of Dracula - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1204 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/05/13 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Dracula Essay Did you like this example? In Dracula, Bram Stoker depicts females as pure and innocent until transformed into a monstrous vampire. While at times he describes the women of the story as being strong and self sufficient, he often sexualizes them. His purpose in doing that is to show male dominance towards women. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Dehumanization of Dracula" essay for you Create order The women become more monstrous once acted upon by a male. Once Dracula, a male figure, bites them they are stripped of their purity. Dracula does not treat them as human beings, but rather objects that he can play with. This is seen when he tells Van Helsing that Lucy and Mina are his to play with. Bram stoker is depicting women as objects and property of men. Dracula is not only a story about vampires, but a story about feminism in the Victorian Era. In an age full of sexual repression, Bram Stoker brought real life issues into his novel. The two main female characters, Lucy and Mina, are followed through their transformation into the New Woman. Bram Stoker depicts women as pure and innocent until acted upon by a man. It is said that, A brave mans blood is the best thing on this earth when a woman is in trouble. (12.28). Mina and Lucy are seen as almost angelic characters until they are transformed into a vampire. When Dracula transforms them, they are seen as monsters. They are suddenly sexualized and are no longer seen as the pure women that all of the men wanted to marry. Mina is Jonathan Harkers fiance. She fits the stereotypical feminine role in the Victorian Era. She is motherly, helpful and emotional. I suppose there is something in womans nature that makes a man free to break down before her and express his feelings on the tender or emotional side without feeling it derogatory to his manhood. (17.56). In this quote, it is shown that Mina always looks for the good in men and makes them comfortable to show their emotional side. All of the men seem to love her maternal qualities. Van Helsing describes her as one of Gods women, fashioned by His own hand to show us men and other women that there is a heaven where we can enter, and that its light can be here on earth. So true, so sweet, so noble, so little an egoist and that, let me tell you, is much in this age, so sceptical and selfish. (14.52). She is the type of woman that men want to marry. She accepts who she is, and is not at all an activist for feminism or the new woman. She is also very smart and educated, which is not as common for women in this era. She has a mans brain a brain that a man should have were he much gifted and a womans heart. The good God fashioned her for a purpose, believe me, when He made that so good combination. (18.22). This quote is saying that she is smart like a man. Women were not seen as intellectual during this era so saying she has a mans brain was complimenting her intellect, while saying she has a womans heart. This means she cares for others and has a natural kindness. Mina is seen as saint-like until she is forced to drink Draculas blood. Dracula forces Mina to drink his blood against her will. This can be interpreted as a rape scene. He is transforming her into someone she is not, and does not want to be. I would have got out to make certain on the point, but some leaden lethargy seemed to chain my limbs and even my will. I lay still and endured; that was all. (19.39). Her body is changed and scarred from Dracula, and characters are afraid with the transformation, her soul will also become impure. Lucy is a very lovable character. She is proposed to three times in one day. She is very innocent and vulnerable and needs protection from men at almost all times. Mina even writes in her journal, Lucy is so sweet and sensitive that she feels influences more acutely than other people do. (7.10). She even sleepwalks, which shows her vulnerable state. Lucy is also seen as more sexy than Mina. She is both vulnerable and voluptuous, which is why Dracula chooses her to feed on. Once she is transformed into a vampire, she is nothing like the innocent girl we knew at the beginning of the novel. Jonathan says, The fair girl went on her knees, and bent over me, fairly gloating. There was a deliberate voluptuousness which was both thrilling and repulsive, and as she arched her neck she actually licked her lips like an animal, till I could see in the moonlight the moisture shining on the scarlet lips and on the red tongue as it lapped the white sharp teeth. (3.32). She is now extremely sexual and more physically attractive. She also loses any morality and humanity she had before. She feeds on a child, and then drops it, which is evil. Arthur kills her by staking her heart. This allows the evil Lucy to die and the real Lucy to rest in peace. The New Woman is working against the conservative stereotypes in the Victorian Era and brings to life new ideals of feminism. In the Victorian Era, women were seen as subordinate and not strong enough to do things for themselves. They werent allowed to be intimate or sexual before marriage, and had demeaning jobs. Mina talks about the New Woman ideal, saying Some of the New Women writers will some day start an idea that men and women should be allowed to see each other asleep before proposing or accepting. But I suppose the New Woman wont condescend in future to accept; she will do the proposing herself. And a nice job she will make of it, too! Theres some consolation in that. (8.1). In the Coppola adaptation of Bram Stokers Dracula, the depiction of mens control over women is different than the book. While the main theme is the same, there are many important differences with how the story plays out. A main difference is the love story between Dracula and Mina. In the movie, Dracula loses his wife, Elisabeta, when she takes her own life. Many years later, he finds Mina who happens to look identical to his late wife. This immediately sparks interest. The feelings become mutual. Mina finds herself falling for Dracula, even though her fiance is Jonathan Harker. This changes the underlying tone of dracula using Mina, because now there are feelings involved. In the novel, there are no mutual feelings between the two characters. Dracula uses Mina and dehumanizes her, figuratively and literally. Another important aspect in the movie is how Lucy bluntly talks about her sex life to Mina. While Lucy talks more intimately about things she wants to do, Mina is more innocent within the conversation. Mina talks about kissing Jonathan, and doesnt go further than that. On the other hand, Lucy talks about it with no filter. This immediately establishes that Mina is the more pure one out of the two, which is also seen in the novel. Coppola remained true to the novel while establishing the female characters sexually.

The Most Significant Aspect of Roosevelt’s Presidency and...

The Most Significant Aspect of Roosevelt’s Presidency and New Deal up to 1941 In this essay I am going to be assessing which was the most significant aspect of Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s Presidency, by looking at four different aspects of it, and then applying tests to each aspect. I will be looking into Roosevelt’s Economic Policies, Economic Ideas, Role of the Presidency and the Electoral performance of the Democratic party – and then, applying the following tests to them: Firstly, the ‘Amount of change,’ then the ‘Immediate effects,’ then the ‘Long term effects,’ and finally the ‘Effect of one aspect on another.’ Roosevelt’s economic ideas were clearly different to those of the†¦show more content†¦A change like this had never been made before and Roosevelt faced some antagonistic Democrats who sided with the Republicans in voting down Roosevelt’s new laws. To cope with this dilemma, he made another change and introduced the Caucus System – whereby Democrats would meet outside Congress and decide on how they would vote. Pro-Roosevelt democrats would out vote the anti, and the decision was binding on all. The second major change made, was that Roosevelt increased the power of the Executive Branch, altering the balance of the three branches. Roosevelt took many more branches of Government under White House Control (e.g. the FBI), and massively increased the size of the White House staff. The third major change was that he became the first President to notably use the media as a way of communicating and advertising to the nation. However, he did have one major failure. After announcing his New Deal Laws, The Supreme Court declared some of them unconstitutional, E.g. the NRA, and had a 6/5 majority win. So Roosevelt tried to change the rules and proposed to appoint new judges in the Supreme Court whenever a judge reached 70, instead of when a judge retired. Unfortunately, Congress (including the Democrats,) rejected this plan as a violation of constitution – it would turn the Role of the President into the role of Dictator. In the end, the only reason the New Deal’s could go aheadShow MoreRelatedFdr Interventionist or Isolationist?2066 Words   |  9 PagesDiscuss with reference to events between March 1933 and December 1941. Franklin Delano Roosevelt is an ideologically elusive figure; indeed as was swiftly evident it is impossible to pigeon hole him into any of these three convenient categories. Elements of all three views can be identified at various junctures of his presidency up to Pearl Harbor in the final weeks of 1941. This essay will argue that generally FDR was most accurately described as an internationalist. However, although thisRead MoreThe Most Significant Aspect of Roosevelt’s Presidency and the New Deal3340 Words   |  14 PagesThe Most Significant Aspect of Roosevelt’s Presidency and the New Deal In this essay I shall first of all weigh up all the different aspect’s of Roosevelt’s Presidency and the New Deal and finally come about a conclusion as to what was the most significant aspect. However I am going to begin by looking at how his government was different to that of his predecessors, then I shall look at the immediate affects of hi government, then what other changes influenced his governmentRead MorePresidential Greatness-Fdr4850 Words   |  20 PagesPresidential Greatness: An Analysis of FDR’s Presidency Presidential greatness has many aspects, but it primarily means demonstrating effective, inspiring, visionary, and transformational leadership in times of great challenge and crisis. 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I have provided a case study between Presidents Van Buren and Roosevelt to show how the internal and external factors lead one president to be one of the greatest and most successful presidents in U.S history, while the other is regarded as one of the more unsuccessfulRead MoreEssay about Franklin D. Roosevelt: a Great American Leader3882 Words   |  16 Pageshistory of Roosevelt’s life prior to him initially being elected president in 1932. I will discuss the traits, motives, and characteristics that inspired Roosevelt to be an effective leader, along with his behaviors, attitudes, and leadership style. I will describe Roosevelt as a transformational leader and I will explain my reasoning for doing so. I will also discuss the contingency approach to leadership, and I will explain how it relates to Roosevelt. I will proceed to discuss Roosevelt’s ethicsRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Great Depression3599 Words   |  15 Pagescrisis that had swallowed the nation. At this time, thirteen million people were unemploy ed and 774 banks were shutting down annually. Economically unstable, Americans turned to Franklin Delano Roosevelt who claimed, â€Å"better days were ahead† with his New Deal reformation. He promised economic â€Å"recovery, job creation, investment in public works, and civic uplift† (Harvey 88). Immediately upon entering the white house, he began his 3 R process: relief, recovery, and reform (Bateman and Taylor 73). WhileRead MoreAmerican Revolution and Study Guide Essay example5377 Words   |  22 Pagesdevelopments of TWO of the early colonial settlement areas: a. South b. Middle c. New England (30 pts) 2. Some historians have argued the Puritanism was especially suited for life in the wilderness of 17th century America. Do you agree or disagree? Explain (10pts) 3. To what extent had the Massachusetts Bay colonists endorsed the idea of the â€Å"separation of church and state?† (10pts) 4. 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Reagan Revolution Through President Obama Free Essays

Strayer University 2012 ‘Reagan Revolution through President Obama† Prof. Jahangir Salehi Alesia Cleveland maitland campus Introduction Will the Obama Revolution advance America’s interest Washington, March 1, 2012-Thomas Jefferson once observed, â€Å"Every generation disserves a new revolution. † Depleted in war and facing economic collapse, America embraced Barrack Obama as a vanguard of the revolutionary hope in 2008. We will write a custom essay sample on Reagan Revolution Through President Obama or any similar topic only for you Order Now Where candidate Obama had a thin substantive record to assert the claim for highest elective office in 2008, Obama has laid down numerous markers since January 2009 that deserve and should get close scrutiny through Election Day. Turning Points in History Turning points in history can mean that changes in the ways things are done in the past, sometimes for the better and other times for the worse. Two notable turning points in history were the Industrial Revolution and also World War I. These both had some political and social impacts. The Industrial Revolution was a time of great change and increased efficiency. No more would be goods be produced by individual means of farming and agriculture, but now by the use of machinery and factories. Technology was beginning to increase along with the food supply as well as the population. However, this increase in population would be a greatly impact the social appearance of that time. Urbanization was becoming much more widespread. Cities were becoming overwhelming crowed and there was an increase in disease as well as severe child labor. Although child labor would be reduced somewhat due to unions, the Industrial Revolution still controlled both its posture and negative results. World War I was another turning point in history. The turning point consisted in the way war fought and how it has changed due in the advances in technology that took place during this time in the 1900s. War was triggered in the Balkans were the Ottoman Empire had once maintained control industrialization and technology had both contributed in the advances n the development of weapons. The devastatingly was the cause of millions of deaths in World War I. War was fought in trenches and they used machine guns as well as tanks and hand grenades. There was definitely a turning point in the way of war would be fought. However, the most important turning point in the war had to be the involvement of the U. S. The U. S. tried to remain neutral in the war that ended up joining Allies. Thanks’ to the U. S. ’s involvement; however, the Allies received the help needed to win the war. In conclusion we can see the revolution and wars can be lead to positive and negative. How the Aids Epidemic was shook America’s HIV/AIDS continues to take a disproportionate toll on Americans, and Unites States leaders must take action now to address the disease’s devastating effect according to a new report. â€Å"(Arias) throughout history of the epidemic, HIV/AIDS has been a persistent cause of death in African American community. Reports say that blacks have been affected by HIV/AIDS epidemic and more than half of the new disease diagnose, despite being only 13% of the United States population†. (Arias 1) the HIV/AIDS epidemic is an extremely serious cause of death in the African American community, but its spread can be prevented with the roper treatment and life practices. Many causes have been given on how African Americans are so seriously affe cted by the disease. The most suggested cause of African Americans contracting the disease is through sexual practices. Some of the sexual practices include unprotected activity. The disease is not just coming from one race but all races of people. The motivation For us to go to war with Iraq and Afghanistan the Bush administration has justified its war against Iraq on the grounds: Saddam Hussein’s alleged possession of weapons of mass destruction, his links to so-called terrorist including the notorious terror network al-Qaeda, which carried attacks on American interests and soil, and liberating Iraqis from oppression and tyranny and bring it in the fold of democracy Advocates of war in the U. S. administration claimed that Iraq had continued to develop weapons of mass destruction (WMD’S), and with Saddam Hussein capable of making them available to terrorist organizations such as al-Qaeda, it put the U. S. at a imminent risk. The Iraq carried on to seek as well as build weapons of mass destruction further holdup by the U. S. will simply allow Saddam to build up a larger and deadly armory. The Middle East and the Muslim world in wide ranging did not together in carry of al Qaeda history. The Americans public is at the moment trained for war, willing to admit causalities as well as strongly supports the president. In the past seven years there has been immense treaty of tension to the United States and Iraq the United States have been converting demeanor. References www. dailykos. com www. aei. org/the Reagan revolution www. iv3. newsmax. com/a/real_obama How to cite Reagan Revolution Through President Obama, Papers

Pancho Villa Essays - Mexico, Mexican Revolution, Pancho Villa

Pancho Villa Doroteo Aranga learned to hate aristocratic Dons, who worked he and many other Mexicans like slaves, Doroteo Aranga also known as Pancho villa hated aristocratic because he made them work like animals all day long with little to eat. Even more so, he hated ignorance within the Mexican people that allowed such injustices. At the young age of fifteen, Aranga came home to find his mother trying to prevent the rape of his sister. Aranga shot the man and fled to the Sierra Madre for the next fifteen years, marking him as a fugitive for the first time. It was then that he changed his name from Doroteo Aranga to Francisco "Pancho" Villa, a man he greatly admired. Upon the outbreak of the Mexican Revolution of 1910-1911 against the Mexican dictator Porfirio Diaz, Villa offered his services to the rebel leader Francisco I. Madero. During Madero's administration, he served under the Mexican general Victoriano Huerta, who sentenced him to death for insubordination. With his victories attracting attention in the United States, Villa escaped to the United States. President Woodrow Wilson's military advisor, General Scott, argued that the U.S. should support Pancho Villa, because he would become "the George Washington of Mexico." In August of 1914, General Pershing met Villa for the first time in El Paso, Texas and was impressed with his cooperative composure; Pancho Villa then came to the conclusion that the U.S. would acknowledge him as Mexico's leader. Following the assassination of Madero and the assumption of power by Huerta in 1913, he returned to join the opposition under the revolutionary Venustiano Carranza. Using "hit and run" tactics, he gained control of northern Mexico, including Mexico City. As a result, his powerful fighting force became "La Division Del Norte." The two men soon became enemies, however, and when Carranza seized power in 1914, Villa led the rebellion against him. By April of 1915, Villa had set out to destroy Carranzista forces in the Battle of Celaya. The battle was said to be fought with sheer hatred in mind rather than military strategy, resulting in amass loss of the Division del Norte. In October of 1915, after much worry about foreign investments, in the midst of struggles for power, the U.S. recognized Carranza as President of Mexico. When Pancho Villa learned of this he felt betrayed by President Wilson and assumed Carranza had signed a dangerous pact with the U.S., putting Mexico in United States' hands. As a result, this set the stage for a confrontation between the U.S. and Pancho Villa. Hence, the United States put an embargo on Villa, not allowing him to purchase guns, ammunition, equipment, etc., in American border towns. His transactions were, thus, made illegal, which automatically doubles his price. Considering his shortages, troops through harsh terrain to Aagua Prieta. Villa assumed it would be poorly protected and by capturing it, he would create a buffer zone with the U.S. to transport arms in his campaigning efforts. Too his surprise, Agua Prieta was heavily protected, because Wilson had allowed Carranza to transport 5000 Mexican troops to American soil, which had arrived before Villa. The trains of soldiers forced Villa's tired horseback troops into retreat. The U.S. was delighted when Carranza declared Villa done for good. Consequently, Carranza invited old U.S. investors (from before the Revolution) to invest again. On March 9th 1916, Villa crossed the border with about 600 men and attacked Columbus, NM killing 17 American citizens and destroying part of the town. Because of the growing discrimination towards Latinos, the bodies of Mexicans were gathered and burned as a sanitary precaution against "Mexican diseases." A punitive expedition, costing the U.S. about twenty-five million dollars, dispatched and about 150,000 troops to be mobilized in efforts to capture Pancho Villa, who was now known as a bandit in U.S. territory and a hero to many in Mexico. The Tenth Cavalry, which was made up of African-Americans and headed by Anglo-American officers, were labeled the "Buffalo Soldiers" because they were tough men who would punish the Mexicans. This was first time the United States used heavily armored vehicles and airplanes, which in turn served as a practice run before W.W.II. General John Joseph "Blackjack" Pershing had already earned a respectable name in the U.S. with his service in the Apache campaign, Therefore, he was assigned to head the Punitive Expedition, an attractive assignment. His mission objective, as he understood it, was to bring Villa in dead or alive. On March 16th, the New York Times reported, "When Word Was Given, All Were After Villa." The expedition included

The Influence of the Medici Essays

The Influence of the Medici Essays The Influence of the Medici Essay The Influence of the Medici Essay In this paper I will argue that the Medici family had an influence on the art produced during the Renaissance Era. The Medici family managed to become the chief patrons of the era, going from merchant class to bankers and eventually politicians. Many of Florence’s most recognizable buildings and features exist due to the influence of the Medici. Between 1300 and 1600 the Western world was transformed. An extraordinary wave of artistic and cultural innovation shattered medieval society and brought European culture reluctantly into the modern era. This was the Renaissance. Artists discovered how to paint in the third dimension, bringing new life and realism to their subjects. Breaking away from the religious traditions of the medieval world, they created entirely new genres of art, rich emotion. Radical new techniques were invented, such as painting with oils, and perspective. Artists such as, Brunelleschi, Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Donatello transformed the way we saw our world. The House of Medici or de Medici was a political dynasty, banking family and later royal house. It first began to gain prominence under the man Cosimo de Medici in the Republic of Florence during the late 14th century. Gradually the family made money through illegal loaning, they were able to found the Medici Bank and rise in social ranking. The bank was the largest, most prosperous and respected institution in Europe during the 15th century. The Medici also gained political power in Florence; though officially they remained simply citizens. The Medici produced four Popes of the Catholic Church and in 1531 the family became hereditary Dukes of Florence[1]. From this, they acquired political power initially in Florence and later in wider in Italy. Since they were able to bring Florence under their familys power, this allowed for an environment where art and humanism could flourish. Also, by establishing several major institutions for artistic production and instruction they fostered the birth of the Italian Renaissance. The ways in which the Medici had an effect on culture was through sponsorship of art and architecture. The Medici was responsible for the majority of Florentine art during their reign. Their money was significant because during this period, artists generally only crafts their works when they received commissions in advance, and simply the fact that they could buy whomever’s art they wanted. Giovanni di Bicci de Medici, the first patron of the arts in the family, commissioned Brunelleschi for the reconstruction of the Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence in 1419. The Basilica of San Lorenzo is one of the largest and oldest churches of Italy[2]. It is placed in the city’s main market district, and the burial place to members of the Medici family from Cosimo il Vecchio to Cosimo III. For three hundred years it was the citys cathedral. One can only imagine how people were influenced by the style of architecture and art displayed by the Basilica. This form of architectural propaganda was used for promotion of themselves, their status, and of their religion. The most significant addition to the list over the years was Michaelangelo. He produced work for a number of Medici, beginning with Lorenzo the Magnificent. Lorenzo was said to be extremely fond of the young Michelangelo, inviting him to study the family collection of antique sculpture[3]. Lorenzo served as patron to Leonardo da Vinci for seven years. His support of the arts is seen as a high point in Medici patronage. Celebrated during his lifetime for his extraordinary talent as a sculptor, painter, architect, and poet, Michelangelo inspired subsequent Florentine artists and attracted the citys most powerful patrons. The Medici grand dukes patronage allowed art in all ways to flourish. In addition to commissioning portraits and decorative objects for their private enjoyment and public display, the Medici family ordered the reconstruction and renovation of numerous civic buildings and private residences. In 1505 Michelangelo was invited to Rome by the newly elected Pope Julius II, commissioning him to build the Popes tomb. Under the patronage of the Pope, Michelangelo had to constantly stop work on the tomb in order to accomplish numerous other tasks. Because of these interruptions, Michelangelo worked on the tomb for 40 years. During that same period, Michelangelo took the commission to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, which took him approximately four years to complete[4]. In 1513 Pope Julius II died. His successor Pope Leo X, also a Medici, commissioned Michelangelo to reconstruct the facade of the basilica of San Lorenzo in Florence. He was to adorn it with sculptures Michelangelo and the Medici grand dukes, an intellectual curiosity and an awareness of the power of images, shaped the artistic, political, and cultural identity of Renaissance Florence. [5] Michelangelo designed the Medici Chapel was told to use his own discretion to create. The Medici Chapel has monuments inside dedicated to certain members of the Medici family. Michelangelo never finished the project, so his pupils later completed it. Lorenzo the Magnificent was buried at the entrance wall of the Medici Chapel. It is not known how Donatello and Cosimo de Medici became friends1. Having a keen eye, Donatello was consulted on the quality of the antiques and texts rescued by Cosimo and his friends. In 1419, Cosimo nominated Donatello to sculpt a tomb for the dead pirate pope, Baldassare Cossa, which would be placed inside the Baptistry. Cosimo and his father provided the funding and Donatello cast a bronze likeness of the pope. With Cosimos help, Donatello built a reputation for realism. In 1434, following his triumph over the enemies of the Medici, Cosimo requested a special commission from his friend. Donatellos bronze â€Å"David† broke all the rules. A playful, sensuous, and androgynous hero, David, was the first life size nude to be cast in bronze since Classical times. To create such a homoerotic hero could have been dangerous for Donatello without the support of the Medici. Cosimo placed the statue in the center of the courtyard of the Medici Palace where it was visible to all. [6] Later, in Rome, the Medici Popes continued in the family tradition of patronizing artists. Pope Leo X commissioned works from Raphael. Born Raffaele Sanzio in 1483, Raphael came to prominence at the court of Pope Julius II, whose portrait he painted in 1512. As a boy, Raphael spent his days studying the works of the great masters like Leonardo and Michelangelo. Raphael was given commission to decorate the most private chambers in the Vatican, the rooms of the Pope. The biggest opportunity of Raphaels life brought him into direct interaction with one of his childhood idols. Down the hall, Michelangelo was engaged in one of the greatest solo projects of the Renaissance, the painting of the Sistine chapel. When Giovanni de Medici was elected Pope Leo X, he found Raphael easier to work with than the demanding Michelangelo. Raphael painted a portrait of the new Pope with his cousin, Giulio de Medici, and designed several magnificent buildings under their patronage. One of the most famous artists in the world, Leonardo de Vinci, was taken care of by Lorenzo de Medici. Leonardo was more than just an artist. It is argued that no man has ever studied more subjects or generated more ideas, than Leonardo da Vinci. Leonardo, like thousands of talented boys, was drawn to Florence. He was soon employed by Verrochio, whose busy workshop served many powerful families, predominantly the Medici. Even as an apprentice, Leonardos talent was hard to ignore. His contribution to the â€Å"Baptism of Christ† was so vivid, it was said that Verrochio threatened to give up painting. Lorenzo de’ Medici saw the talent in the young boy and immediately took him under his wing. Leonardo was experimenting with oils, a radical technique previously known only in the Northern Europe. Traditionally, Italian artists had painted with tempera (pigment mixed with egg), which dried quickly, often cracked, and was considerably messy. By mixing a pigment with oil, Leonardo discovered a more versatile color, which could be built up in layers to add depth, tone, or even to cover mistakes. It was the start of an artistic revolution. Leonardo soon had come to outgrow Florence. He approached Lorenzo de Medici for help. Lorenzo referred him to his friend, the Duke of Milan, whose needs were more practical than artistic. This suited Leonardo perfectly, as he had surpassed the need for just a studio and was desperate to build his inventions[7]. Once in Milan, he couldnt resist a commission that became the most famous fresco in history, â€Å"The Last Supper. †[8] Without the aid of the Medici, Leonardo da Vinci may not have been pushed into a cerain direction as an artist or inventor. The political, social and religious actions made by the Medici have affected art history. The Medici family usage of allocating their money into art has especially affected the art produced in the Renaissance Era. By commissioning whatever artist they found to be the best at the time, they funded some of the most influential and beautiful artistic creations ever made.

Idioms and Expressions Using Have for ESL

Idioms and Expressions Using Have for ESL The following idioms and expressions use the verb have. Each idiom or expression has a definition and two example sentences to help your  understanding of these common idiomatic expressions with have. English Idioms and Expressions Using Have have a big mouth Definition: somebody who tells secrets, who is a gossip Dont talk to Mary she has a big mouth.If you didnt have such a big mouth, Id tell you my secrets. have a bee in your bonnet Definition: have an obsession, something that always remains in your thoughts and efforts She has a bee in her bonnet that health care must change.If I have a bee in my bonnet, I have to do everything I can until I can make it happen. have a bone to pick with someone Definition: have something (usually a complaint) that you want to discuss with someone I have a bone to pick with you. Just a moment, lets talk.Toms looking for Pete because hes got a bone to pick with him. have a brush with something Definition: have brief contact, or experience with someone or something I had a brief brush with Jack and I didnt like it.Hes had a brief brush with unemployment. have a chip on your shoulder Definition: be in a bad mood and challenging people to fight Dont take him seriously, he just has a chip on his shoulder.Yes, I have a chip on my shoulder! What are YOU going to do about it?! have a close call Definition: be close to danger I had a close call yesterday and was almost in an accident.Shes had a few close calls in her life. have a familiar ring Definition: sound familiar, as if youve heard it before That story has a familiar ring. Did we read that last year?Her experiences have a familiar ring. I guess everybody goes through that. have a good head on your shoulders Definition: have common sense, be sensible Jack has a good head on his shoulders. Dont worry about him.I think you have a good head on your shoulders. You should trust your decision. have a green thumb Definition: be very good at gardening Alice obviously has a green thumb. Look at that garden!My wife has a green thumb, so I let her do all the gardening. have a heart Definition: be compassionate or generous and forgiving with somebody Dont hold that against her. Have a heart!I think hell have a heart and forgive you. have a heart of gold Definition: be generous and sincere Mary has a heart of gold. I just love her.The teacher has a heart of gold with her students. have a heart of stone Definition: be cold and unresponsive, unforgiving Dont make him angry. He has a heart of stone.I cant believe how he treats his children. Hes got a heart of stone. have an ax to grind Definition: complain about something often He has an ax to grind against his health care provider.I know you have an ax to grind against Agatha, but stop complaining! have an in with someone Definition: have special access to someone (often used at work) She has an in with the boss. Let her ask him for permission.I wish I had an in with the director so I could get a promotion. have a one-track mind Definition: always thinking about one thing He has a one track mind. He cant talk about anything besides golf.Do you have a one-track mind? have a soft spot in your heart for someone or something Definition: love or adore a thing or person Ive got a soft spot in my heart for Maria Callas.He has a soft spot in his heart for pinball! have a sweet tooth Definition: like sweets too much I know you have a sweet tooth, but you need to be careful.I need to watch my weight, especially because I have a sweet tooth. have clean hands Definition: to without guilt, guiltless Dont blame him, he has clean hands.The man claimed to have clean hands in the crime. have egg on ones face Definition: be embarrassed after having done something very stupid I had egg on my face after I asked that stupid question.I dont think he realizes he has egg on his face. have eyes in the back of your head Definition: seem able to follow everything that is going on, even though you do not focus on it She has eyes in the back of her head. Be careful!The students believed their teacher had eyes in the back his head. have mixed feelings Definition: to be uncertain about something or someone Janice has mixed feelings about Ken.Brad has mixed feelings about buying a new car. have money to burn Definition: have an excess of money Dont worry about it! Shes got money to burn.Do you think I have money to burn?! Of course, I cant buy you a diamond ring. have your hands tied Definition: be prevented from doing something Im afraid I have my hands tied and cant help you.Peter told me he had his hands tied on the Franklin deal. have your head in the clouds Definition: to not pay attention to what is going on around you Doug had his head in the clouds all the time he was at university.Do you have your head in the clouds?! Pay attention! have your tail between your leg Definition: be afraid of something, not have the ​courage to do something He just couldnt approach her. He seemed to have his tail between his legs.Janet went to her father with her tail between her legs and asked for forgiveness. have other fish to fry Definition: have more important things to do, have other opportunities Look. I have other fish to fry, so just say yes or no.Susan had other fish to fry and left her position at the bank. have someone or something in your hands Definition: have the responsibility for someone or something I have the project in my hands. If you have any questions, come to me.She had her boyfriend in her hands. She could do anything. have the Midas touch Definition: have the ability to easily be successful Hell succeed. Hes got the Midas touch.Ask her to approach those difficult clients. She has the Midas touch. have the presence of mind to do something Definition: stay calm in a dangerous or frightening, or emergency situation He had the presence of mind to cover her up before he went to find help.Alice has the presence of mind to take along some extra food before setting out on the hike.

Nuclear Medicine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nuclear Medicine - Essay Example The patients to undergo nuclear medicine procedures do not require undergoing any special programs before the procedure, except, in cases involving gastro-intestinal system. In this situation, the patient is subjected to fasting four hours prior to the procedures (Murray, 2009). Positron Emission Tomography (PET) can examine body chemistry and is applied in medical tests as CT and MR scans. The test shows more information on the body organs like their current state of functioning and their structure. Hybrid scanning techniques employ X-ray computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This technique sees the structure of an organ with 0.5 mm resolution but nuclear medicine uses 5.0 mm resolution to observe metabolism(Ramer, 2008) Indium white blood cell scans by the nuclear medicine helps determine the structure of the blood cells and how they are functioning.This scan aids in detection of cancer and any malfunction in the cells. Scientifically, nuclear fusion produces power as an energy resource. This occurs in a nuclear reactor where fusion in the nucleolus of radioactive material helps produce a lot of power transmitted and distributed for different uses. Energy produced from these materials is obtained by an action of splitting uranium into two by action of a neutron. This leads to radiations and heat evolved from atom and the reaction is fission(Murray, 2009). The process of nuclear fission involves the conversion of uranium into pellets and into rods. Lots of water is required to cool the uranium rods. When the rods emerge from the water, they produce lots of heat controlled by raising or lowering them from the water surface. To obtain more heat we raise them further way from the water. The heat produces steam that runs power-generating turbines(Morris, 2006) III. The method of power production is environmental friendly and does not contribute to global warming. The Nuclear fission

A bill of rights is essential to protect citizens from their Essay

A bill of rights is essential to protect citizens from their government. Discuss - Essay Example Recent developments in the Philippines have put this Southeast Asian country in the news and have garnered the attention of the international community once more. This involves the spate of killings of activists and journalists by unknown elements alleged to be connected with the military. (Amnesty International, 2005, p. 202) According to the non-government organization KARAPATAN (Alliance for the Advancement of Human Rights) (2006), there have been 607 documented killings from January 2001 to May 30, 2006. Amnesty International, the European Union and the Catholic Church have each spoken out against the government to condemn these acts of politically-motivated state-sponsored executions. This paper will examine whether or not a bill of rights, standing alone, is enough to protect the people from the excesses of government and it will use the current Philippine problem of extra-judicial killings as background. It will argue that the defense of sovereignty -- and, as a corollary to that, internal security -- is not enough to justify the use of state-sponsored repression. The phenomenon of state-sponsored oppression is by no means unique to the Philippines. It has in fact been extensively researched and discussed all over the world. Says Mitchell and McCormick (1988, p. 476) Governments organize police forces and armies to protect their citizens, build schools and hospitals to educate and care for them, and provide financial assistance for the old and unemployed. But governments also kill, torture and imprison their citizens. This dark side of government knows no geographic, economic, ideological or political boundary. Such killings and torture demonstrate grave violations of political rights and liberties. It has been opined that political rights and liberties are of paramount importance because of their impact on other rights, such as social and economic rights (Bollen, 1986, p. 567). The universal condemnation of

The Main Themes of Journeys End Essay -- Journeys End R.C. Sherriff

The Main Themes of Journey's End Sheriff showed a lot of themes in this book, which made it very effective. The main themes were: Heroism, The reality of war Grief/mourning Irony of the play Cowardice/fear Hopelessness of war The cross section of types of people/officers The coping of the pressure of war. Duty In heroism, in this text, we clearly see that Raleigh tries to be a hero but fails. Raleigh (excitedly): "I say Stanhope's told me about the raid". This suggests that Raleigh had a set picture of war (go and kill the enemy and be a hero), but he didn't know the reality of it (death). In the text, we see a quiet hero shown in Osborne. Osborne: "my names Osborne. Second in command of the company. You can call me 'sir' in front of the men". This suggests that Osborne went day in and day out for his country and did his duty, even though he knew he was going to die for a hopeless cause. He was also very level headed, and was referred by everyone by 'uncle', so he made a great hero. In the text, we see that Stanhope is nearly everyone's hero (Raleigh's the most). Raleigh: he was skipper of rugger at Barford, and kept wicket for the eleven". This suggests to us that he was a born leader, as he led school teams, making him a great leader and is also admired by a lot of his collies, as he is very committed to his job. In the reality of war, in the text, we see from Raleigh it is very quiet. Raleigh: "I've never known anything so quiet". This suggests Raleigh is very inexperienced, and he is learning the reality of war in this aspect. In the text, we see that the expectations of Raleigh about the war are very different. Raleigh: "it seemed so frightfully quiet and uncanny... ...o cope; this must be very effective that's why he's coped so long with the war. In the theme of the coping of the pressure of war, each person has his own way of coping with this pressure, some pretend life at war is like life at home. In Duty, we see Osborne not complain about the raid. Osborne: Oh (pause) Why Raleigh"? This shows us that Osborne is ready to die for his country, and doesn't try to find a way out. This also shows he's very honorable to his country as he's been in the war long, always doing his duty. In the text, we see Hibbert try to waste time. Stanhope: you're just wasting time as much as you can". This shows Hibbert is not bothered to do his duty; he'd rather die not being a coward, than going out there and dieing for your country. In conclusion, all the themes above where used to great effect in this play, by R.C Sherriff.

Preventing Unwanted Pregnancy Essay

A happily married couple, Thomas and Ella, have two children named Cody and Rachel. Thomas has two jobs to support his family, and then Ella can stay home to take care of their young boy and girl, along with housework. After a long night of hard work, Thomas came home to Ella crying in the bathroom. â€Å"Ella, what is the matter?† he asked. She wiped away her tears, took a deep breath, looked Thomas deep into his brown eyes and said, â€Å"I’m pregnant†. They both knew they were not prepared for another child to come into the family, but once Thomas and Ella talked to a doctor about their options they decided to keep the baby. Yet, now they had to make a responsible change for future to prevent this from happening again. The doctor provided two methods to choose from: natural family planning or contraceptive devices. Family planning is a significant subject in our culture with the exponential growth of the world population, but society must consider the sustaina bility of all family planning methods. By comparing the methods of two contraceptive choices of natural family planning and artificial contraceptives, the goal is to decide which is the overall superior option. While studying the effectiveness of artificial contraceptives and natural family planning, supporting and opposing arguments of each method must be provided to make a reasonable judgment. Although contraceptive devices can prevent pregnancy and some sexually transmitted disease as well, natural family planning is the better option for those who are in a consistent intimate relationship. The natural family planning method, also known as fertility awareness, does not contain unnatural hormones or chemicals, and tracks the normal monthly changes of women’s body fertility. Consistent with Richard J. Fehring, a researcher from the Marquette College of Nursing, natural family planning (NFP) is a method of avoiding or achieving a pregnancy by studying the patterns of fertility and withdrawing from intercourse while the female is fertile. Couples observe signs of fertility in the woman by tracking the woman’s body temperature, mucus secretion and other signs. This method can also be referred to as the fertility awareness method, periodic abstinence, or the rhythm method (Fehring 2). Petra Frank-Herrmann, a professor at the University of Heidelberg, Germany, foun d â€Å"For a contraceptive method to be rated as highly efficient as the hormonal pill, there should be less than  one pregnancy per 100 women per year when the method is used correctly.† Frank-Herrmann led a study including 900 women using the method of natural family planning. She verified, â€Å"the pregnancy rate for woman who used the [NFP] method correctly in our study was 0.4%, which can be interpreted as one pregnancy occurring per 250 woman per year. While the effectiveness of natural family planning is equal to or greater than that of any oral contraceptive rate, which is about 0.7%† (â€Å"Natural Family Planning Method As Effective As Contraceptive Pill, New Research Finds†). The evidence suggests that natural family planning is a more sustainable method of pregnancy prevention than contraceptive devices. Natural family planning helps to preserve good health because it does not include chemicals, pills or other harmful devices. It also may be applied during regular or irregular cycles throughout a woman’s life while off contraceptives. While NFP helps women feel more in tune with their bodies, together couples may feel more respected and not take for granted the purpose of intercourse when planning a family (Peterson). This w ay a woman will not feel solely responsible because NFP is a shared responsibility and lifestyle. Not only is natural family planning as effective as artificial contraception, but also is also less harmful to our environment compared to artificial contraceptives. The key of NFP is it is natural, thus it does not contaminate one’s body or the surroundings since it has an absence of chemicals. Micheal Martin-Loeches, a medical researcher in the European Journal of Contraception & Reproduction Heath Care, determined that a good awareness of natural family planning increased women’s sexual desire compared to the common level of sexual desire of women. Along with health benefits, natural family planning is an exceptional option for those who cannot afford forms of birth control or having a larger family to provide for. The increasing population is a hitch with the importance of natural family planning and awareness of fertility because High-fertility still persists in much of the developing world, ensuring that population growth will continue. In 2006, average family size among the 4 billion people living in less developed countries outside of China was estimated at 3.4 children, with an annual population growth rate of 1.8% (Populat ion Reference Bureau, 2007b). At this rate, the population of these countries would double in just 39 years. Even taking projected declines in fertility in these regions into account, the number of people  living in less developed countries outside China is projected to increase by more than 60% by 2050, from 4 billion today to more than 6.5 billion (Speidel, Weiss, Ethelston, & Gilbert, 2007). To make the world aware of the natural family planning method, the world population growth rate may steadily regulate over time. Fortunately, the NFP technique is inexpensive and when it is learned it can be used for the entirety of women’s reproductive lifetime with minimal additional cost. A natural family planning couples class and a few minor materials may be purchased at the most to have the most efficient outcome. Those who choose to use this natural method do not generally experience moral issues since NFP is widely accepted by most faiths and cultures. This method also correlates to an increase in a relationship’s trust and intimacy when completed thoroughly (NHS). Nevertheless, everyone does not support the NFP method; therefore, they have contrasting views and ideas for pregnancy prevention. When the opposing view is depicted a main point that is brought to attention is that it may be difficult to continue the commitment for each partner to follow the fertilit y schedule’s pattern. The menstrual cycles must be examined multiple times before one can become absolutely confident of pinpointing a female’s fertile time (NHS). Continuing the counterargument, factors such as stress, illness, lifestyle and use of hormonal treatments disrupt one’s fertility signs so they become hard to follow. Also during the fertile time of a couple must withdraw from sex or use another method of contraception, as a fertile time period may last up to 16 days. Those who decide to abstain from sex seem to commonly experience relationship problems (NHS). Those who are not pleased by or successful with NFP look for immediate alternatives with out always doing necessary research. Contraceptives, like the pill or condoms, may be extremely effective in preventing pregnancy as well, but they come with altered and varied advantages and disadvantages depending on its form. When taken as directed, the oral birth control is 99% effective and reaps many additional benefits. A menstrual flow is lighter, less cramping, decreases the risk of developing uterus or ovarian cancer, and conditions including the following: anemia, breast-r elated disease, endometriosis and ovarian cysts (Hampton). The oral contraceptives do not physically interfere whatsoever with the foreplay or intercourse while performing any sexual activities, as condoms may interfere in this manner. Others opposing to NFP merely look into the positive effects of contraceptives; hence, they may not think about how the oral birth control has a lack of protection for sexually transmitted diseases and creates the possibility or missing a pill and upbringing extra side effects. Oral birth control should not be taken when women are young, with a history of blood clots, cardiovascular disease, and frequent smokers. There is also an increased chance of women to experience high blood pressure, heart disease, and strokes (Hampton). According to a study from the Washington University in St. Louis of Medicine, â€Å"86% of subjects knew that the annual risk of pregnancy is less than 10% if no contraception is used. More than 45% of women overestimate the effectiveness of pills, the patch, the ring, and condoms. Among women who use reversible contraception, most choose less-effective methods such as condoms at 26% and oral contraceptive pills at 45%. Reliance on less-effective methods contr ibutes to the fact that nearly one-half of all pregnancies in the United States are unintended† (Eisenberg et al.). Along with the possible failure of protection and less awareness of possible pregnancies, contraception can alter hormonal and estrogen levels. This study found in the European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care states, â€Å"a decrease in sexual desire was observed in relation to an average or poor relationship with the partner, coinciding with the aforementioned authors’ conclusions regarding the psychological influences and level of sex education in the decrease of sexual desire in users of contraceptive methods† (Martin-Loeches et al.). Further studies by Wynne Parry, a senior writer from Live Science Research, indicate contraceptives can also damage the environment by filling water with hormones; hormonal contraceptives increase the levels of certain hormones in women to prevent pregnancy. The hormones traces can be found in the waste dispersed from women who use contraceptives such as the pill, patches, and vaginal rings. Consequently, the problem is causing water treatment plants to be upgraded, which economically makes the government sacrifice the peoples’ money. This dilemma has been observed to de-masculinize those who ingest it regularly, which animals are extremely sensitive to consuming added hormones. It is tremendously vital the amount of waste generated from contraceptives packaging as well. In retrospective, following the natural family planning method is one alternative to pregnancy prevention that will  not hurt our environment. Each step towards cutting down on waste and decreasing our environmental carbon footprint can be beneficial and leads to prosperous and healthier ecosystem. The various forms of contraceptives may have shown success and brought about numerous benefits, but natural family planning succeeds best in pregnancy prevention due to its advantages in the health, environmental, economic and other features. With the world’s population grasping the importance of keeping sexual activity to a natural intimate experience, this allows a couple to work together to space out their children in a way that is both mora lly and ecologically acceptable. Further studies have and will continue to make NFP a valuable contribution to the sexual health of our people.

Essay about Barriers and Obstacles to Critical Thinking

Barriers and Obstacles to Critical Thinking Your Name PHL 251 March 21, 2011 Philip Reynolds Barriers and Obstacles to Critical Thinking Critical thinking helps thinkers to act instead of reacting. Reacting results in hasty decisions that are not always well thought-out. Quick decisions can lead to error or cause more problems. Evaluating decision is important to the decision-making process. During reflections a thinker can rethink what the outcome was and if the problem could have been addressed in a better manner. By evaluating decisions a thinker is learning what works and what does not work, therefore, fostering successful problem- solving and decision-making skills. However, critical thinking can be damaged or affected by†¦show more content†¦The understanding of others is a welcomed benefit. Although experience is a wonderful teacher, if it is filtered through a biased or distorted view, that is how it is remembered. Self- delusion supports self-delusion. Create an open mind and question logic by asking again and again, â€Å"Am I thinking logically and rationally†. This is called a sanity check. Another good sanity check is choosing friends and colleagues who will speak truthfully, not just echoing words of affirmation. These friends are priceless as sounding boards for stream of thought and rational thinking. Scheduled pressure can be an enemy of sound critical thinking. They can lead to cutting corners which may lead to making mistakes and poor decision making. Stress can also lead to mistakes and bad decision making. Procrastination at time is result of not knowing where to start can result in more stress and cutting corners. To overcome this barrier is as simple as proper planning and execution. Group thinking is danger to critical thinking. Critical thinking by its very nature questions ideas, opinions, and thoughts of oneself and others. It uses internal and external reflection. Sources include radio, television, newspaper, magazines and the internet to reflect what is called normal thinking. Questioning the source and what heard are ways to demonstrate critical thinking skills. Being a thinker takes conscious and constantShow MoreRelatedEssay about My Journey Towards Acacemid Success663 Words   |  3 PagesLearning Reflection A solid education is imperative for success. Education impacts the personal and professional side of life. I have been in the pursuit of my degree for quite some time. I have allowed obstacles to distract and discourage me from obtaining my degree. For instance, my language barrier was an impediment for quite some time. I was determined to work and become fluent in the English language. The experience of learning another language was challenging but rewarding. 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